Essay on Unemployment Cause and Effect - 705 Words

Unemployment – Causes I am going to offer my theory as to the real cause of unemployment, for every cause there is an effect. The process of cause and effect. It’s hard to live a normal healthy life without a job and money. There are many reasons why people are unemployed, but in turn this state of unemployment can cause one to experience financial, emotional, and personal problems. The most common causes of unemployment are getting fired and laid off for specific reasons. People might get laid off if a company is going out of business or maybe if there are positions in the company that are no longer needed. It’s difficult to find a job right away after being fired. Companies don’t want to hire someone who†¦show more content†¦If someone gets into a car accident and gets physically injured long-term or becomes disabled, it becomes difficult to do many types of job. In the setup of a modern market economy, there are many factors, which contribute to unemployment. Causes of unemployment are varied and it may be due to the following factors: * Rapid changes in technology * Recessions * Inflation * Disability * Undulating business cycles * Changes in tastes as well as alterations in the climatic conditions. This may in turn lead to decline in demand for certain services as well as products. * Attitude towards employers * Willingness to work * Perception of employees * Employee values * Discriminating factors in the place of work (may include discrimination on the basis of age, class, ethnicity, color and race). * Ability to look for employment Unemployment at any given point of time may be either due to one of the factors mentioned above or a combination of several factors. It has also been observed that if the labor market in the economy does not work in an optimum manner, it leads to unemployment. There are other factors, which point at the tempo of an economic activity in a region. Household Survey Data: The number of unemployed persons, at 14.0 million, was essentially unchanged in September, and the Unemployment rate was 9.1 percent. SinceShow MoreRelatedCauses And Effects Of Unemployment1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Causes and Effects of Unemployment Travis Epling Strayer University ENG 105 Jeanette Trammel 9/14/14 Causes and Effects of Unemployment There are many reasons for unemployment in the United States and around the world. Some of these causes are created by the individual and others are out of their control. No matter what the cause for unemployment, it has a devastating effect on the individual, family, and economy. Unemployment defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica is the conditionRead MoreCauses and Effects of Unemployment2314 Words   |  10 PagesCauses and Effects of Unemployment Unemployment defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica is the condition of one who is capable of working, actively seeking work, but is unable to find any work. In addition, to define a person as unemployed, the person must be an active member of the labor force in search of work. (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012) There are three different types of unemployment: frictional, structural, and cyclical. Due to various causes in the economy, there will always be a certainRead MoreCauses Of Unemployment And Its Effect On The Economy2406 Words   |  10 PagesEmpirical research aims to decompose causes of unemployment into those that changed equilibrium and those that caused demand-deficient unemployment. A potential explanation of a rise in the equilibrium unemployment is a rise in the generosity of unemployment benefit relative to wages in work. Therefore people spend longer periods of time unemployed in search for the ‘right’ job, thus leading to a rise in equilibrium unemploy ment. (Begg, 2008, p. 530) In economics, the neoclassical view is that theRead MoreCauses and Effects of Unemployment in Fiji2546 Words   |  11 PagesTackling Youth Unemployment The Challenge Among the worlds unemployed, young people have been particularly hard hit. Youth unemployment rates are significantly higher than adult unemployment rates in both developed and developing countries. Global protest movements of young people are a manifestation of their lack of job prospects. On the one hand, higher youth unemployment can simply result from frequent job changes and short intermediate unemployment spells. It may be natural for young peopleRead MoreCauses Of Unemployment And Its Effect On The Growth Of India Essay1874 Words   |  8 PagesCauses of unemployment in India 1-rapid population growth: It is the leading cause of unemployment in Rural India. In India, particularly in rural areas, the population is increasing rapidly. It has adversely affected the unemployment situation largely in two ways. In the first place, the growth of population directly encouraged the unemployment by making large addition to labour force. It is because the rate of job expansion could never have been as high as population growth would have requiredRead MoreCauses Of Unemployment And Its Effects On The Health Of A Country s Economy1350 Words   |  6 PagesEmployment is an activity or the like that occupies a person s time. Unemployment on the other hand can be simply defined as when a person in search of â€Å"employment† or â€Å"job† is unable to find employment or work. It is also said to be when an individual of working age seeking a job is unable to obtain any. Unemployment is a criteria used to diagnose the health of a country’s economy health. It is a big challenge the country Nigeria has battled with for years now and has maintained a rising trendRead MoreUnemployment : A Social And An Economic Threat1127 Words   |  5 Pagesmany social issues such as vandalism, racism, obesity and prejudice. However, unemployment has become the most histrionic one. Unemployment is both a social and an economic condition. Unemployment is the state where individuals seeking jobs remain un-hired. Unemployment is a global reality where both the developing and developed countries suffer from it. As time goes the condition of unemployment is being worse. Unemployment has become both a social development and a global economic threat. AccordingRead MoreThe Correlation Between Unemployment And Inflation1506 Words   |  7 PagesBoth unemployment and inflation are two important components when it comes to studying an entire economy and it is also very easy to get those statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) which is a governmental statistical organi zation that gathers, processes, analyzes, and broadcasts important statistical figures to the American public, the U.S. Congress, other Federal agencies, State and local governments, business, and labor. The Bureau Labor of Statistics also assists as a statisticalRead MoreLabour Market Dynamics, Unemployment And Economic Growth Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesLABOUR MARKET DYNAMICS, UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN GHANA INTRODUCTION Owing to a GDP rebasing in 2011, Ghana became the fastest growing economy in the world with a GDP growth pinned at 20%, the largest per capita income in West Africa and the 21st in the continent. Ghana joined the league of oil producing countries in December 2010 with 85,000 barrels of crude oil in a day . Fiscal deficit fell from 5.9% of GDP in 2010 to an estimated 4.3% in 2011 due to strong revenue performance . DespiteRead MoreImpact of Unemployment on Society1011 Words   |  5 Pagesjob, but is unable to find one. Unemployment is becoming an epidemic that is affecting America at an alarming rate. Most employed people don’t know how hard an unemployed person has to live, they have to worry about providing for their family, and paying their bills. They have an everyday struggle. The countries unemployment rate is currently 9.70% as of march 2010, and Michigan’s unemployment rate is 14.1%. Many economists predict that the effect of unemployment has changed the inflation rate

Technology-Mediated Negotiation - 1163 Words

Technology-Mediated Negotiation Negotiations occur on a daily basis for a countless number of reasons. People often negotiate without even realizing that they are doing it. â€Å"Anytime people cannot achieve their goals without the cooperation of others, they are negotiating† (Thompson, Wang, Gunia, 2009). Something as simple as deciding what movie to watch, who is going to pay for dinner, or sometimes even just choosing which clothes to wear for the day are perfect examples of these unnoticed negotiations. However, just because some negotiations go unnoticed does not mean that negotiating is a simple thing to do. Successful negotiation takes conscious effort on both parties to be willing to reach a compromise when neither party may be willing to do so. A study published in the International Journal of Conflict Management defines negotiation as â€Å"a common form of social interaction in which two or more people attempt to make a joint decision about one or more issues in which they are directly interest ed† (Purdy Nye 2000). This paper will attempt to take a closer look at the technology that is used on a daily basis to communicate, the negotiation process itself, and the differences between computer-mediated negotiations and face-to-face negotiations. It goes without saying that the development of technology is one of the human race’s greatest achievements. Mankind has been particularly prosperous in the development of its communication technology. It seems as though nearlyShow MoreRelatedPositive and Negative Effects of Technology on Communication Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology today has a myriad of gadgets and tools to facilitate communication and this has transformed the way people communicate with each other. From the invention of the telegraph to the internet, technology has allowed people connect with family, friends, and colleagues at any location. Moreover, people can express their opinions to larger groups of people instantly that would not have been possible without the advent of technology. However, electronically mediated communication is a doubleRead MoreFace-to-Face Communicatioin vs Computer-Mediated Communication1498 Words   |  6 PagesEssay Question: Advances in communication technology will come at the expense of face-to-face communication. Do you agree? Stepping into the 20th century, technology is ubiquitous in every aspect of society. The great influence of technology has led to the evolution of communication means. Under these circumstances, a wide range of new communication tools have arisen lately. Social communicating networks suchRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Interpersonal Relationships1100 Words   |  5 Pages In order to understand the impact that social media and technology have had on human interpersonal relationships a perspective into the theories of interpersonal relations might be of help. First of all, the very basic definition of Interpersonal relationships are the social connections that we make with others. As human beings we have a multitude of interpersonal relationships; family, friends, love interests, marriage and fellow workers. These relationships can be short lived, casual or long lastingRead MoreU.s. Iranian Negotiations And The United States Essay2017 Words   |  9 PagesUnited States- Ir anian Negotiations The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action has been regarded as the biggest diplomatic failure in the United States history. While this seems to be an over sensationalized statement, analyzing the dispute system design, cross-cultural negotiation, and resistance points of the deal, may shed further insight on the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action and how the United States resolves conflict with Middle Eastern nations. Historical Context The relations between the UnitedRead MoreData As A Service Composition Of Daas And Negotiation Mechanism1933 Words   |  8 Pagesservices and generates a set of composition plans to provide the requested data. Implementation Method For implementing this project we are making use of service composition of DaaS and negotiation Mechanism: Data as a service composition mechanism (DaaS): Data as a Service (DaaS) builds on service-oriented technologies to enable fast access to data resources on the Web. DaaS services collect and store a large amount of information and it is able to share this information with other entities. ClientRead MoreDifferences Between Genders And Communication Essay1613 Words   |  7 PagesIs there a biological reasoning to focus on? Researchers across the globe have made this their main area of focus, to find out exactly what these immense differences are and why they subsist. Differences in gender communication deal with technology, negotiations, the workplace and persuasion. Researchers believes that the main difference in gender communication is due to the fact the men and women view the purpose of interactions in a different way. Women tend to see conversations as connectionsRead MoreOrganization of Repair Structures Among Users of a Social Networking Site 1052 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of internet users currently occupies 34,3% of the world population. The Internet is not only an imperative technology, but it also has become the main medium of communication among people, and has already impacted the ways people communicate with each other. Conversation is thus no longer exclusively a face to face act or a simple chat over the phone. Presently, Computer-mediated communication (hereafter CMC) appears to be more commonly exercised by individuals, as the Internet creates networkingRead MoreEssay about social media1312 Words   |  6 Pageslegal aspec ts of social media. Doing this allowed them to frame the organization in a manner that would result in few legal disputes. Alternative dispute resolution methods include negotiations, mediation, and arbitration. Negotiations is a give and take resolution when coming to terms which each other. Negotiations can be forward looking to build desired relationships or backward looking to deal with past events that might have caused this disagreement. In mediation the parties attempt to reachRead MoreA Rare Success in China - the Celanese Joint Venture1573 Words   |  7 PagesDisclaimer: It is against the The Negotiation Experts principles to offer its services to the tobacco industry. The Celanese case study has been reproduced for the purposes of study only, and is in no way a condonement of the damage the tobacco is causing. Overview One of the most closely studied Chinese joint ventures is that involving Celanese Corporation of the United States, a producer of value-added industrial chemicals, and China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC). The venture producesRead MoreThe American Labor Union Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the higher 35 percent membership in 1953. This is just an indication that workers have no hopes in the then merged AFL-CIO (American Federation Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations) who sought to democratize the labor movement. Their so-mediated organizing model that aimed at expanding the membership was a change of the core role of the previous service model of unionism that focused on petitioning for the members’ requests. Where the distresses may have begun earlier in the 1970s, it was

Dell Supply Chain Management Free Essays

Research Publication Date: 12 November 2010 ID Number: G00208603 Case Study for Supply Chain Leaders: Dell’s Transformative Journey Through Supply Chain Segmentation Matthew Davis Faced with ever-changing customer needs, product commoditization, unique global requirements and new, low-cost competitors, Dell embarked on a three-year journey to segment its supply chain response capabilities. The company designed its supply chains based on a mix of cost optimization, delivery speed and product choices that customers value, while aligning internally across all functions to execute against this vision. Key Findings Dell’s market and business strategies changed, requiring the company to move from a single supply chain to a customer segmentation supply chain approach. We will write a custom essay sample on Dell Supply Chain Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now A unified, cross-functional business strategy with collaborative, decision-making processes across sales, marketing, product design, finance and supply chain is essential for segmentation. Segmentation is enabled by a cost-to-serve (CTS) methodology to dynamically allocate costs to business decisions, highlight net profitability and drive the right actions for each supply chain. Supply chain segmentation is a multiyear journey enabled by the development and alignment of organizational skills to the needs of the journey’s different phases. Recommendations Start with segmentation of your company’s customers and channels to understand the different demand rhythms and cycles. Focus on decreasing the time required to sense or shape changes to end-customer demand. Begin the design of your supply chain portfolio by isolating and quantifying costs of an end-to-end supply chain that optimizes for operational efficiency. Repeat this analysis for supply chains that require different supply chain responses (for example, agility rather than efficiency). Use a clear set of goals to align cross-functional metrics and incentives to your portfolio in order to drive the right business decisions for each supply chain.  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Gartner is a registered trademark of Gartner, Inc. or its affiliates. This publication may not be reproduced or distributed in any form without Gartner’s prior written permission. The information contained in this publication has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Gartner disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information and shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in such information. This publication consists of the opinions of Gartner’s research organization and should not be construed as statements of fact. The opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. Although Gartner research may include a discussion of related legal issues, Gartner does not provide legal advice or services and its research should not be construed or used as such. Gartner is a public company, and its shareholders may include firms and funds that have financial interests in entities covered in Gartner research. Gartner’s Board of Directors may include senior managers of these firms or funds. Gartner research is produced independently by its research organization without input or influence from these firms, funds or their managers. For further information on the independence and integrity of Gartner research, see â€Å"Guiding Principles on Independence and Objectivity† on its website, http://www. gartner. om/technology/about/ombudsman/omb_guide2. jsp Refine and govern your supply chain portfolio continually by establishing crossfunctional review processes between sales, marketing, product design, finance and supply chain. Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 11 WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW Dell revolutionized supply chain management with its direct model, configure-to-order (CTO) manufacturing, just-in-time inventory model and impressive cash-to-cash conversion cycle. The company has been a staple in the top five of the AMR Supply Chain Top 25 every year since it started in 2004. But demand for commoditized products, changes in customer channel preferences, emerging market growth, component cost declines, a more capable supply base and globalization have challenged the singular supply chain. In this case study, Gartner examines Dell’s period of transformative change as it segmented customer requirements to create a portfolio of supply chain capabilities that provided multiple offerings focused on cost efficiency, speed to customers, choice of features and personalization and/or services. We follow the journey from the perspective of key leaders within Dell’s supply chain transformation: Annette Clayton, VP of global operations and supply chain; Jennifer Loveland, disruptive strategy senior manager; Perry Noakes, director of global business excellence and lean; and Bruce Raven, global supply chain optimization senior manager. CASE STUDY Introduction Dell responded to changes in the market by determining how different segments of customers derive value from its products and services. The company’s analytics showed customer demand had become quite complex. The B2B market demands predictability, speed, customization, services and precision delivery. Consumers want multiple channel options, the ability to personalize for niche products, low-price options and devices that deliver content. This complexity will only increase as content and virtualization begin to drive the market. To address these issues, Dell segmented its supply chain as part of a multiyear transformation (see Figure 1). Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 11 Figure 1. Dell Supply Chain Evolution Source: Dell (November 2010) Historically, Dell was organized by products and/or region. As part of globalization, the company aligned organizations to customer value consistently across regions. In 2008, it began to leverage its partner network of suppliers where capability, quality performance and cost had improved. Dell would retain its in-house network where strategic differentiation was valued by customers and provided a competitive advantage. This work was a precursor for and an enabler of supply chain segmentation. In this research, we review the â€Å"Customer Value — Segmented Supply Chain† portion of Dell’s transformation. The Challenge Dell had three main challenges to solve in end-to-end segmentation: Long-term demand sensing to continually refine its portfolio — Dell’s direct model provided extensive customer insights, with over two billion online customer visits per year. But the company also had to figure out how to predict where the market was headed, define a three-year outlook of customer needs and support multiple global customer groups. Supply chain design for a new environment — It had to address a changing business strategy, product commoditization and proliferation, emerging markets, global supply networks and multichannel sales and fulfillment. Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 4 of 11 Complexity reduction — Dell had to carve out an end-to-end, â€Å"low-cost† supply chain focused on efficiency, while maintaining its responsive heritage provided by its CTO capability. This required simplification of product designs, configuration management and planning processes. Approach The transformation moved through six different phases, resulting in a governance process focused on continued improvement and portfolio evolution: Identify Customer Values Dell used historical customer knowledge from contracts, survey results, business intelligence (BI) data and platform sales to begin its customer-centric view of value. To provide a robust, outsidein perspective, Dell invested in resources to complete detailed configuration profitability analysis, targeted surveys and external marketing insights from multiple industries. Understand Dell’s Strengths As Mr. Raven stated, â€Å"We had to figure out what we needed to change and what we needed to retain based on what customers value. We were trying to identify what skills would be most important for long-term supply chain excellence. † The company identified the following core competencies: deep customer relationships, supply chain agility and a lean culture that continually improved and automated processes. Understand the External Environment An external perspective was provided through partnerships with Dr. David Simchi-Levi (then professor of engineering systems at Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Dr. John Gattorna (then a visiting professor at Cranfield School of Management), cross-industry leaders and various consulting firms. According to Ms. Clayton, â€Å"The perspective of looking outside in is extremely important. We learn from who we believe is doing things best from a variety of industries. † Dell’s competitive analysis focused on price points by configuration, new market entrants, such as tablets and smartphones, emerging market requirements and supply chain services. Chart Clear Course and Benefit With a good understanding of customer requirements and the direction of the market, Dell began to design the new supply chain portfolio. It started by defining the supply chain extremes of agility and efficiency (see Figure 2). Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 5 of 11 Figure 2. Chart a Clear Course: Align Product Strategy to Customer Values Source: Dell and Dr. David Simchi-Levi (November 2010) This basic framework was the first step in creating a range of supply chain capabilities. The key was to define the right number of supply chains to fill the gap between most efficient and most agile. Dell went through an extensive exercise to complete this analysis. The company defined 18 potential options, and then simplified to six supply chains. The final result was a portfolio based on a mix of configurations predetermined by Dell and products configurable by customers, paired with â€Å"need it now,† planned and flexible delivery cycle times. Dell also aligned the warranty and services processes to its new portfolio for complete, end-to-end customer solutions. Engage the Entire Organization Segmentation of Dell’s supply chain required extensive cross-functional collaboration: IT transformation had to occur in tandem with supply chain transformation, supply chain had to work with finance to enable a CTS methodology and process, and supply chain capability had to be fully integrated with product design throughout the development cycle. Plus, aligning the go-tomarket plans with sales and marketing was essential to driving the desired demand patterns. Continue to Govern and Refine Portfolio The result of Dell’s customer channel and supply chain segmentation was the creation of an endto-end model in which multiple capabilities can be arranged in unique configurations to satisfy specific customer requirements (see Figure 3): Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 6 of 11 Figure 3. Engage the Entire Organization: Transformation Is End to End Source: Dell (November 2010) Dell used the â€Å"voice of the customer† value chain to identify the range of capabilities it would need in different functions. The different combinations of these capabilities is what creates the unique supply chain offerings. The company created a standard process to introduce new supply chain requirements. It has a dedicated center of excellence (COE) that intakes requirements from sales, marketing and operations, evaluates the customer benefit and business strategy, and then enables the right changes within product development and supply chain design. Critical to this effort is continuous improvement that utilizes lean methodologies to maintain a focus on what the customers value and conducts benchmarking to provide an outside-in perspective. Results Dell’s transformation yielded both financial and qualitative gains: Stronger connection to customers — In Ms. Clayton’s words, â€Å"We knew we had to leverage supplier capability and scale, but still control the things that are most important to the customer. We redeployed our resources focused on controlling imaging, delivery and parts of design. We enable best value solutions †¦ giving the customer the exact value they want. † Complexity reduction — Product options had become too complex. In response, Dell reduced configuration complexity in line with customer requirements. As Mr. Noakes stated, â€Å"Product offerings had exceeded customer requirements and were adding unnecessary cost and responsiveness waste in the supply chain. † Improved internal collaboration — Identifying and managing functional interdependencies have driven collaboration across product design, supply chain, marketing, sales and finance. Dell also simplified interactions by centralizing global operations, while aligning to customer verticals. Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 7 of 11 Cost reduction — â€Å"We have realized approximately $1. 5 billion of operational cost reductions between 2008 and 2010. This transformation was a critical factor in that reduction,† said Ms. Clayton. Key drivers in this improvement were leveraging supplier capability and scale, building out new capabilities for the customer, simplified design and reductions in complexity. Improved forecast accuracy — The reduction in complexity and better connection to demand resulted in a three-times increase in forecast accuracy at the product, platform and configuration levels. Critical Success Factors Dell identified four critical success factors: Start with customer value — Historically, customers were segmented by verticals (e. g. , consumer, corporate, government and small business) as well as regions and size. Dell had to look across an aggregated view of these existing groupings to identify shared values relating to product features and supply chain capabilities. A global view was critical to this process. As Mr. Noakes stated, â€Å"[Our] growth markets are not in traditional regions. We need to adjust our model to the new requirements. † A unified, end-to-end business strategy — The Dell team stated this effort was â€Å"truly a corporatewide transformation. † Key to this was the ability to clearly articulate the need for change, the vision and the role of different organizations. To support this communication, several leaders started an internal blog to keep people up to date. Executive sponsorship — The segmentation strategy and potential benefits were shared with the entire executive leadership team to drive cross-functional alignment. Vice Chairman Jeff Clarke was the sponsor of the effort throughout design and implementation. Ms. Clayton added, â€Å"We conduct a weekly, cross-functional executive production governance [meeting] where we spend two-thirds of our time on the future quarters and one-third of our time on how our current quarter plan is being executed. Our planning has become much more unified and strategic. † Dedicated COE — Dell identified 12 key work streams. Each has a VP sponsor, with small teams coordinating and program-managing the change. The company also integrated lean techniques to look across work streams, with four to five value streams to ensure the customer needs were being met by the proposed changes. Lessons Learned According to Mr. Noakes, â€Å"Dell’s industry-leading supply chain history has given us the skills to be agile and flexible. It’s this history that provides the framework and skills to reach the next levels of success and supply chain leadership. † Five lessons are critical for this evolution: Implementation of Supply Chain Segmentation Is a Journey Dell recognized that the scope of this change would require a multiyear plan and investment. The company set short-term goals to show traction against the overall plan. A key component of the strategy was to pilot capabilities manually, while designing the automated, scalable solution in parallel. This allowed quick wins to build momentum and mitigated risk during the transformation. Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 8 of 11 Different Skills Needed Throughout the Journey Dell had to adapt the following COE skills: Phase 1: vision/design — The skills required are an outside-in perspective focused on customers, knowledge of market and other industries, end-to-end supply chain design and business acumen. Phase 2: change management — The skills required are process design, lean/Six Sigma expertise, data analytics, systems optimization, process automation, program management, organizational influence and communication. Phase 3: orchestrating the ecosystem — Phase 3 denotes a continuously evolving organization focused on translating customer eeds to supply chain capabilities by coordinating and influencing internal and external partners. Cross-Functional Participation Very Necessary Communication across organizations can be difficult, so messages must be tailored to each group. As Ms. Loveland stated, â€Å"The broader the span of communications, the more simplified the message needs to be. † For example, Figure 3, which mapped the portfolio, was simplified when shared across functions (see Figure 4). Figure 4. Engage the Entire Organization: Target Messages by Organization Source: Dell (November 2010) To ensure long-term, cross-functional collaboration, Dell integrated supply chain design into existing product design processes and created a phase-gate review process to standardize future changes to the supply chain. â€Å"Phased releases drive step-function improvements, rather than constant adjustments,† said Ms. Clayton. Finally, metrics across all functions were aligned to the goals of the supply chain portfolio. Transparency of Data Essential Dynamic visibility to customer requirements, demand, cost, materials, forecasts, product road maps, revenue mix and multiple views to margin are required to drive the right decisions. Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 9 of 11 A Balanced Scorecard With Clear Accountability Required Ms. Clayton said, â€Å"We are now able to better balance customer metrics with operational metrics. We’re aligned to customer value. For example, we can even provide better ‘green’ solutions for customers by balancing logistics nodes with cycle times to take advantage of low-carbon transportation and packaging methodology. The key for Dell is that end-to-end segmentation is an ongoing, evolving journey. Optimization is never done, but rather continuously realigned to changing customer values. RECOMMENDED READING â€Å"Supply Chain Segmentation on the Increase, With High Tech Leading the Pack† â€Å"Supply Chain Strategy for High-Tech Manufacturers: The Handbook for Becoming Demand Driven† â€Å"Supply Chain Segmentation Helps Plexus Evolve From Contract Manu facturer to Product Realization Partner† â€Å"Top Supply Chain Planning Processes† â€Å"Key Issues for Cross-Industry Supply Chain Leaders, 2010† Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 10 of 11 REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS Corporate Headquarters 56 Top Gallant Road Stamford, CT 06902-7700 U. S. A. +1 203 964 0096 European Headquarters Tamesis The Glanty Egham Surrey, TW20 9AW UNITED KINGDOM +44 1784 431611 Asia/Pacific Headquarters Gartner Australasia Pty. Ltd. Level 9, 141 Walker Street North Sydney New South Wales 2060 AUSTRALIA +61 2 9459 4600 Japan Headquarters Gartner Japan Ltd. Aobadai Hills, 6F 7-7, Aobadai, 4-chome Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-0042 JAPAN +81 3 3481 3670 Latin America Headquarters Gartner do Brazil Av. das Nacoes Unidas, 12551 9 ° andar—World Trade Center 04578-903—Sao Paulo SP BRAZIL +55 11 3443 1509 Publication Date: 12 November 2010/ID Number: G00208603  © 2010 Gartner, Inc. and/or its Affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Page 11 of 11 How to cite Dell Supply Chain Management, Papers

Nurse to Patient Ratios

Question: Write an essay onNurse to Patient Ratios. Answer: Introduction In the medical field, Nurse to patient ratios is increasingly becoming a topic of concern, as much as many people are demanding for government intervention. Presently, "minimum staffing laws" is enacted only in California, while other states are yet to implement in their workplaces. According to Laschinger et al., (2014) similar laws were purposed in other countries but in vain as its implementation are refused by the hospitals. Several hospitals consider that such laws will be an extra financial burden depriving them of their flexibility to make necessary staff related decisions (Bernabeo Holmboe, 2013). In this essay, the author will discuss the issues related to nurse staffing ratios. The author will compare and contrast the expected behavior of nursing leaders and managers, about the issue. Further, the author will discuss the roles of the leader versus manager. Lastly, the author will present the personal approach that best fits to solve the selected issue. The arguments in the essay will be supported by the literature review. Nursing unions argue that hospitals recruit less number of nurses but admit a higher number of patients (Shekelle, 2013). Consequently, job burnout and stress are increasing among nurses, also, hampering patient safety (Aiken et al., 2012). According to the president of Michigan Nurses Association, Hospitals tend to be business as they focus more on the short-term bottom line (Naylor, 2012). It is not known whether legal intervention to tackle a shortage of nurses is the right approach or not. However, the leadership and management approaches to resolving the issue of inadequate nurse-to-patient ratios may be helpful in improving the consequences. Nursing management is a complicated task. Mangers need to monitor the hospital operations and at the same time ensure that the nurses play their role in such operations (Bernabeo Holmboe, 2013). It is the duty of the managers to make sure that the nurses are accurate in delivering their services and perform well in their job (Aiken et al., 2012). Shortage of nurses increases the chance of errors, which affects the hospital management (Shekelle, 2013). Increase in death rate is the major outcome of medical errors (Laschinger et al., 2014). Shortage of nurses reduces the care services for patients. The reports of Shekelle, (2013) reveal that approximately 1.6 million preventable healthcare errors occurs each year in the US, signifying one medical error per day per patient. Also, shortage of nurses also leads to ineffective communication with patients and their families in decision-making (Pham et al., 2012). Naylor, (2012) believes that it leads to failure in maintaining the patients dignity and respect. Several incidences were reported where nurses administered medication at the wrong time, sometimes gave the overdose of medicines, failed to assist patients in managing pain and were unavailable in the emergency wards (Shekelle, 2013). Increasing the severity of illness and death is associated with inadequate nurses for patient s (You et al., 2013). Such incidences discourage nurses, as they are highly responsible for patients safety (Pham et al., 2012). Comparison of Leadership and Manager Approach to the Issue Therefore, it is imperative for the hospital management to develop strategies to ensure both "quality and safety of healthcare services." There are some approaches to tackle low nurse-to-patient ratios. Managers need to be strategic in determining the work environment and tactfully assign nurses for their work (You et al., 2013). Working schedule should be modified to decrease nurses burnout. Shekelle, (2013) recommends that to maintain the work efficiency; nurses must be provided with sufficient recovery time after attending a large number of patients and working longer shifts. It will ensure that the nurses are in a correct frame of mind before they enter into next shift. Leadership differs from management, and it plays a different role in health care setting. Any medical professional may have this quality irrespective of their position. Efficient leaders motivate people to accomplish both personal and organization's goals (Simons Leroy, 2013). They inspire others to stimulate them to work with full potential and bring out the best in them (Sherwood Zomorodi, 2014). Qualitative analysis was performed by Wong et al., (2013) and her associates, to determine the patient outcomes and its relation to nurses' motivation and nursing leadership models. To obtain reliable and valid results the researcher has performed the quality assessment of their methods also. Research findings showed a positive correlation between relational leadership style model and patient outcomes (Wong et al., 2013). Relational leadership is one of the approaches that can help leaders to resolve the issue of nurse staffing ratios (Naylor, 2012). This leadership is defined as process of people together attempting to accomplish change or make a difference to benefit the common good (Laschinger et al., 2014). This type of leadership is also called as inclusive type of leadership that has an additional quality to accept all viewpoints and backgrounds (Hutchinson Jackson, 2013). Nursing leaders can obtain feedback from nurses regarding their experiences due to nursing staff ratios using this approach. It can also include the involvement of nursing staff for better ideas to change the environment. Consequently, all the health personals are empowered to participate in a possible solution to obtain the common goal. My Personal Approach Given an opportunity, I would personally opt for Relational approach to solve this issue. As a leader, I would collaborate with everyone for decision making. In my past leadership experience, I had received successful results when I included other peoples ideas and opinions. I have always asked for feedback for self-evaluation. It encouraged me to correct my leadership direction. I never favored "authoritative leadership or micromanaging". In my approach to handling the issue of lower nursing staff, I will collect information about the areas that nurses enjoy in the organization. Based on the feedback, I would ensure that more patients and longer shifts in those areas are assigned to the nurses. On the other hand, less number of patients will be assigned to nurses in the areas they are uncomfortable with. To make the workplace more interesting for nurses, I will shuffle the schedules every alternate week. In any case, a nurse works for the longer shift due to an emergency, I will ens ure that he or she has sufficient recovery time before the start of next shift time. I am sure this will minimize and prevent the nurse's burnout. I believe that frustration in any work will never fetch positive results. The ultimate goal will be to maintain the work setting fun and joyous and keep up the nurses motivated and their spirit high up as motivated nurse makes a productive nurse." Conclusion When a large number of patients is assigned to the single nurse, it turns hectic for the nurses. Hospital environment with low nurse-to-patient ratios makes nurses more stressed. Also, patient's safety is highly compromised in a quest to fulfill the needs and demands of every patient. Therefore, managers and leaders in health care organizations often develop several strategies and approaches to ensure the quality and safety of care provided. However, the approaches vary from different management strategies and leadership styles. However, the best method to maintain working efficiency of nurses is by "keeping the environment interesting and motivating." It is necessary to involve nurses in decision-making because they are the ones who have a valuable perspective on the problem. Unfortunately, most hospitals fail to realize this aspect. References Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Sochalski, J., Silber, J. H. (2002). Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction.Jama,288(16), 1987-1993. Aiken, L. H., Sermeus, W., Van den Heede, K., Sloane, D. M., Busse, R., McKee, M., ... Tishelman, C. (2012). Patient safety, satisfaction, and quality of hospital care: cross sectional surveys of nurses and patients in 12 countries in Europe and the United States.Bmj,344, e1717. Bernabeo, E., Holmboe, E. S. (2013). Patients, providers, and systems need to acquire a specific set of competencies to achieve truly patient-centered care.Health Affairs,32(2), 250-258. Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D. (2013). Relational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation.Nursing Inquiry,20(1), 11-22. Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation.Nursing Inquiry,20(1), 11-22. Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C. A., Cummings, G. G., Grau, A. L. (2014). Resonant leadership and workplace empowerment: The value of positive organizational cultures in reducing workplace incivility.Nursing economics,32(1), 5. Naylor, M. D. (2012). Advancing high value transitional care: the central role of nursing and its leadership.Nursing administration quarterly,36(2), 115-126. Pham, J. C., Aswani, M. S., Rosen, M., Lee, H., Huddle, M., Weeks, K., Pronovost, P. J. (2012). Reducing medical errors and adverse events.Annual review of medicine,63, 447-463. Shekelle, P. G. (2013). Nursepatient ratios as a patient safety strategy: a systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,158(5_Part_2), 404-409. Sherwood, G., Zomorodi, M. (2014). A new mindset for quality and safety: The QSEN competencies redefine nurses roles in practice.Nephrology Nursing Journal,41(1), 15-22. Simons, T., Leroy, H. (2013). Issues in researching leadership in health care organizations.Leading in Health Care Organizations: Improving Safety, Satisfaction and Financial Performance (Advances in Health Care Management, Volume 14) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,14, 221-234. Wong, C. A., Cummings, G. G., Ducharme, L. (2013). The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update.Journal of nursing management,21(5), 709-724. You, L. M., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Liu, K., He, G. P., Hu, Y., ... Shang, S. M. (2013). Hospital nursing, care quality, and patient satisfaction: cross-sectional surveys of nurses and patients in hospitals in China and Europe.International journal of nursing studies,50(2), 154-161.

A Picinic I Have Enjoyed free essay sample

A Picnic I Have Enjoyed Last Monday was an Independence day. It was a public holiday as well as my birthday. So my parents decided that the whole family would go on a picnic. I was very happy and excited. I was allowed to invite some of my friends to join us. My close friends were also very happy to come along with us. We all were very excited to look forward to going on a picnic. On the appointed day, all of us woke up early in the morning. We left our house at 6 o’clock in the morning. We went to Bago where my grandparents live. We went there in our father’s car. When we arrived there , it was about 10 o’clock. My grandparents have a big garden. It has a quiet and peaceful surrounding. There are many kinds of flowering plants and fruit bearing trees in their garden. We will write a custom essay sample on A Picinic I Have Enjoyed or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whenever I go there ,I picked guavas which I like best. There are also swings ,a slide , a see-saw and a small swimming pool. So I and my friends played with them happily. After playing, we took a rest for a while and had lunch. Everybody was fed with butter rice and chicken curry. My grandmother made Shwe Yin Aye for dessert. We all enjoyed drinking it. In the afternoon some of us played Monopoly game but the rest took a nap for a while. At about three o’clock , we returned home. On our way home, my parents took us to the famous pagodas in Bago to pay homage. It was very late when we reached home. We were very tired that we all went to bed early and had sound sleep. I think it was the picnic I have enjoyed very much. I will never forget it throughout my life.

Finding a Friend essays

Finding a Friend essays It was a hot and humid June day in Georgia; the kind of typical summer weather that leads to violent thunderstorms in the late afternoon. With the drought we had been experiencing, however, our last good rainfall was two months prior. I was pushing the speed limit, and then some, as I barreled down the road. Even with the windows of my car fully down, the hot air smacked my face like the heat of an oven. I was late, and I hate being late, especially when I first meet people. I was following the directions Amy had given me to her house, but when they called for me to turn off the main road onto a rutted dirt road, I hesitated. I stopped the car and did a double take between the directions and the street sign to make sure they were right. Everything looked okay, so I put up my windows, and proceeded down the dry dirt road at a much more leisurely pace, as to minimize the amount of dust I kicked up. I traveled down that road for about a mile, and when it curved to travel around a small lake, I saw what had to be her house. The only one on the road, cedar shingles, and a small pickup truck parked in the driveway. As I parked my car behind the pickup, and made my way up to the front porch, I heard a dog barking from the backyard. When I rang the bell, a teenage boy in a bathing suit, and still wet and dripping, greeted me. Is Amy here? I asked, but before he could reply, I heard Im up here quickly followed by her feet pounding down the stairs. She, too, looked like she had just finished swimming, wearing only a pair of shorts over her suit. Her hair was tied back attractively into a ponytail where the ends of it left a tiny rill of water down her shoulder. Hi, She said breathlessly as she bounced to a halt in front of me. ready? Oh, this is my brother Tim. She turned and pointed to the boy who greeted me at the door, I do hope she ...

Footlocker-mkt304 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Footlocker-mkt304 - Research Paper Example In fact, for many of them it is seen as an opportunity to become popular and more attractive† (McGinty,2009). The major attraction of Footlocker is their shoes which are from renowned companies like Reebok, Addidas, Nike and Jordan. They also sell clothing of these brands which are a big hype among teenagers and also they demand it due to the goodwill these brands have on a global basis. 2) Product’s features The sports apparels sold by footlocker are of Nike, Adidas and Jordan who are pioneers of sports wear and equipments. The features of these sport wear and equipments are that they are unique and distinct from other sports brands. The shoes are light weighted and has sleek look and has an excellent appeal when worn. The top seller of the company is the Nike Zoom Kobe VI for men. According to (Footlocker, 2011),â€Å"The Nike Zoom Kobe VI is the latest evolution of basketball footwear. Moldable upper with new Fly wire construction creates a dynamic, lightweight fit w ith an Achilles notch for greater comfort†. Since the teenagers are excited by the look of the products, the company offers them what they really desire for. Teenager and adults look for the branded products which match the celebrity fashion and these products are used by fashion icons. The shoes and accessories sold by them come in vibrant colors and style which catch attention of any teenager. Clothing, shoes and accessories have versatility, long lasting quality and signature brand mark on them. 3) Product’s benefits The products provided by Footlocker are shoes and clothing and other sport accessories which gives utmost comfort and security to its customer. Sneakers and clothing sold by this retailer is from Nike and Adidas, who are the pioneer in sports apparels. â€Å"Both Nike and Adidas are well known sportswear firms that have become household names of sorts throughout many parts of the world. The undisputed giants of the sportswear and sports equipment indust ries, consumers can generally expect quality products from the two brands† (reComparison 2010). The young generation is the targeted customers of footlockers and theses group demand branded products which have name and fame and have high durability. The young children and teenagers are impulsive buyers and the company targets them as they make decision in a short span of time. The brands sold by the company have a huge advertising campaign and creates a significant impact on young generations mind as to their fame and quality. â€Å"The teenagers spend most of the money on themselves immediately. Teenagers have also found to be more brand loyal that adults†(Michman,2003,pg.144). So footlocker as a retailer, take advantage of this fact and focus them to market their branded sport products. 4) Product’s branding Foot locker offers shoes and clothing of Nike, Adidas and Jordan not only has goodwill but also give comfort, durability and lasting effect which other pro ducts cannot offer. The company’s target customers who are teenagers and adults in early 20’s look for products which are renowned and also match their style quotient. For example Adidas is well known for their style factor apart from durability and good will. In his book (Dunne,2007,pg.57)states that, â€Å"The foot locker has found success by concentrating on a very narrow segment of shoe market but offering a very large selection†. They have good selection of sports shoes, clothing and sports accessories

Document Analysis oin the Holocaustand the Nazis Coursework

Document Analysis oin the Holocaustand the Nazis - Coursework Example He addressed the Jews in order to unite them as one during the trying times. Weltsch blamed the Nazis for their chauvinism addressing the events that took place on 1 April 1933 calling this an important date for the Jewish people. In his article, he expresses the sad presentation of not only political and economic inconsideration, but also the spiritual and moral injustices shown by the Nazi people. The article notes that on this day â€Å"German-Jews learnt a lesson which penetrates far more deeply than even their embittered and now triumphant opponents could assume†¦Ã¢â‚¬  According to the article, this was a Jewish rebirth or awakening. The author advised the fellow German Jews not to lose their heart urging them to analyse the situation without deceiving themselves. Currently, the document alleged to be the cradle of Zionism should be distributed to everyone whether Jews or non-Jews according to the author. Weltsch explained that the Nazis called the Jews enemies of the state leaving them defenceless arguing that they never betrayed anyone. The author wrote this document as a wakeup call for the Jews who suffered the great humiliation. The article intended to bring the German Jews together, while encouraging them to walk with their heads high despite the frustrating boycott of their shops. The author wanted the Jews to prove to the German-Nazis unity and power brought to this dishonoured community. For this reason, a reader may argue that this document’s purpose was to remind the fellow German-Jews what they stood for meaning peace and unity. This document is credible considering the events that took place in German especially during the Holocaust. Study shows that the German-Jews suffered greatly under the Nazis. In addition, it is clear according to the article that some German Jews tended to leave their community to benefit from personal positions, and this betrayed

Assessment Individual workbook (70%) 3000 words Assignment - 1

Assessment Individual workbook (70%) 3000 words - Assignment Example It acts in accordance with all the legal as well as other requirements essential for political involvement and dealings (Pan & Goodier, 2011). Political decisions of the government decide fiscal and regulatory policies which have to be taken into account at the time developing the strategy. For instance, the government’s ‘Mortgage Support Policy Scheme’ supports home owners who have fulfilled the set criteria to pay back their mortgages by offering around 80 percent of total interest assured. This policy will somehow decide part of Bryant-homes’ policy since the more individuals who can find the money to pay back mortgages, the more houses will be sold. Economic: The general economic view for the last six quarters has been that of a contracting financial system. Even with the small intensification attained, the majority of sectors of the economy are still suffering from the outcomes of the recession. The result, together with increasing unemployment level, is that individuals have smaller amount money to use, and are likely to spend their restricted resources on necessary products. This invariably indicates that the high end market where Bryant-homes is represented may suffer. Nonetheless, the government has made attempts to ensure ascertain that additional credit is accessible to individuals via the banks â€Å"by issuing bailout funds† (Barlow et al, 2003, p. 139). These developments indicate that the company may have to sell its significant stock of developed houses at prices quite below to what was actually estimated, with the purpose of raising cash and enhance liquidity. Social: The business has started different societal campaigns to support learning, secure operational environment and job assurance to the individuals. Social factors as well influence the policies Bryant-homes adopts since alteration in â€Å"patterns of living may dictate what sort of houses increase in demand† (Pan et al, 2007, p. 190),

Barriers to Asthma Management

Barriers to Asthma Management Renate Jimerson, Pat LeBlanc, Centrella Stacks Asthma Asthma, the most common chronic illness of childhood, is an inflammatory disease characterized by hyper responsiveness of the airways to stimuli and reversible airway obstruction (Janson, 1998). According to the American Lung Association (ALA) it affects between 6.7 and 9.6 million U.S. children under the age of 18, American Lung Association (ALA) (as cited in Toole 2013). Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease with increasing prevalence from 31.4 per 1000 population in 1980 to 54.6 per 1000 population in 2000 despite the advances in asthma pathophysiology understanding and treatment (Tsakiris, Iordanidou, Paraskakis, Talskidis, Rigas, Zimeras, Katsardis, Chatzimichael, 2013). Although there have been new medications and medical advances, asthma is a significant cause of a morbidity, school absenteeism, parent lost work days, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations for children all over the world. Brown, Gallagher, Fowler, Wales; Martinez; Mattke, Martorell, Sharma, Malveaux, Lurie (as cited in Toole 2013). Looking into the causes of school absenteeism, it has been found that asthma is the most frequent cause, according to Doull et al., â€Å"55% of school students and 55% of asthmatic students missed school days due to respiratory symptoms.† Attendance and the limitation of daily activities are both used as indicators of asthma control level in children. Increased absenteeism interrupts learning processes and participation in daily activities. Unfortunately â€Å"In a study that specifically focused on parents’ report of receiving written self-management tools from pediatric primary care physicians, Cabana et al. (8) found that only about 30% of parents reported receiving these tools known to facilitate children’s medical adherence.† (Orrell-Valente, Jones, Manasse, Thyne, Shenkin, Cabana (2011). An initial literature review was done to gain information about what barriers impact medication compliance with school age children. Using different keywords: children, medication compliance, asthma, cost, education, barriers and impact of non ­compliance; were used in the CINAHL database, Google Search, and the Simmons Library to locate information on the subject. Further searches were conducted to refine the topic, from medication compliance with school age children to a more specific topic of medication compliance and asthmatic children. Identifying asthma as the main subject allowed for us to move in a more specific direction. Our next pursuit was in identifying and categorizing the different barriers, determining the major and minor subjects and listing them under specific categories. â€Å"No one risk factor is responsible for asthma morbidity; rather a plethora of factors contribute to the high prevalence, which vary dramatically among children with asthma (Clark, Mitchell, Rand, 2009). Asthma risk factors include living in poverty in the inner-city, being uninsured or Medicaid enrolled, and being African American or Hispanic (Akinbami, Moorman, Garbe, Sondik, 2009; Bloomber et al., 2009; Gerald et al.; Liu Pearlman, 2009; Mattke et al., 2009; Smith, 2009) (Toole, 2013 p 115).† â€Å"In 2005, 9% of children under the age of 14 years were diagnosed with asthma and the prevalence of asthma was found to be highest in this age group (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Control and Prevention, 2006).† (Kamps, J. L., Rapoff, M. A., Roberts, M. C., Varela, R. E. Barnard, M., Olson, N., 2008 p. 206). Critiquing the research articles that were found has led to three major barriers in asthma management. The first barrier is in cost. Subcategories of cost include insurance availability, income, and socio economic levels. The second is culture. Subcategories of culture include language barriers, legal status, traditions and use of alternative medicine. The last is education. Subcategories of education include health literacy, education level, reading and comprehension abilities, information provided and follow up. Barriers that impact and interfere with the management of asthma in children are varied. The outcome of ineffective management are increase cost, hospitalizations, improper use of medication and death. Health care providers need to ensure that the patient and parent or guardian understand the proper use of medication, the disease process and associated risk for misuse of medication. Using these categories, a literature review will be a guide in determining the best practice for improving outcomes, decreasing cost, and developing a plan to ensure cooperation between parents, children and the health care provider. Asthma management requires a multi-faceted approach, including an effective educational component (Ambulatory Pediatrics, 2006). Poor patient outcomes have been associated with a lack of patient and parent compliance with the patient’s individualized treatment plan. There are a number of possible factors that may play a role in patients’ and parents’ noncompliance. They include financial and cultural barriers, and parents’ and patients’ misconception about the disease process and the importance of treatment (Cleveland, 2013). The trends reported in a recent study indicated that asthma education to parents positively impacts asthma-related outcomes in children (Kielb, Lin, Hwang, 2007). In this small sample, there was a decrease in asthma-related sick visits post-education. Asthma cost are increasing and responsible for a higher percentage of the total health care cost for treatment. Increasing and changing copayment are leading to more emergency room visits and hospitalizations. The cost of these are not as visible as the direct cost of an inhaler medications. So the need for educating on all the cost of asthma are important. In the article â€Å"Outpatient Management of Asthma in Children† by Andre Schultz and Andrew C. Martin, they discuss the roles of the provider in the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children. This article determined that one of the critical areas is non adherence to treatment. Having a plan in place is important as well as continued follow up, avoidance of triggers, and use of medication. Non adherence to medication is impacted by the several factors. Socioeconomic status plays a large role in adherence to medication. Data obtained shows that lower adherence is reported in children at a higher rate from low income families. Perception of cost and the discussion between the Practitioner and patients is important. Determining how the client feels about the medication, treatment plan and chronic disease is important. This will help to facilitate the response to care. The perception of the cost of medication on the client will play a significant role. Not discussing these important facts with the clients may lead to non-compliance. (Patel, M. R., Coffman, J. M., Tseng, Chien-Wen, Clark, N. M. and Cabana, M. D.). In a quasi-experimental study done in 2010, they compared participants in a control and intervention group in regards to adherence to medication, healthcare cost and resource utilization. The determined intervention consisted of 2 components. One an average reduction in copayment and the second was mailing educational material for asthma management. Adherence was determine by the medication available during the duration of therapy and total supply of medication divided by the duration of therapy. When refills overlapped, it was assumed that the client consumed all medications. Healthcare resource was determined by office visits, hospitalizations, emergency room visit, short acting beta-agonist canisters and oral corticosteroid prescriptions. Cost were defined as total amount paid for visits, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and prescription drugs. Overall cost were determined during the twelve month follow up period. Monthly cost were used rather than total cost during the st udy period. This study showed improved adherence to controller medication which translated into reduced medical cost and increased prescription cost. Although there were an increase in prescription cost the overall expenditure decreased. This study determined that increasing copayments will create a financial barrier to medication adherence. (DSouza, A., Rahnama, R., Regan, T., Common, B., Burch, S. (2010). Understanding that noncompliance to medication comes from the perspective of the client. In children, parents are the main administers of medication. A link between the socioeconomics, cultural values, education and use of medication has been shown to produce a negative effect on adherence. This effect is not a single factor but many factors grouped together to provide a complete picture. Clearly identifying the factors that influence compliance with clients will ensure a more effective management in children with asthma. References Bloomberg, G. R., Banister, C., Sterkel, R., Epstein, J., Bruns, J., Swerczek, L., et al. (2009). Socioeconomic, family, and pediatric practice factors that affect level of asthma control. Pediatrics, 123(3), 829-835. Brooten, D., Youngblut, J. M., Royal, S., Cohn, S., Lobar, S. L., Hernandez, L. (2008). Outcomes of an asthma program: Healthy children, healthy homes. Pediatric Nursing, 34(6), 448-455. Clayton, S. (2014). Adherence to asthma medication. Nurse Prescribing, 12(2), 68-74. Cleveland, K.K. (2013). Evidence-based Asthma Education for Parents. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 18(1), 25-32. doi: 10.111/jspn.12007 Cloutier, M., Jones, G., Hinckson, V., Wakefield, D. (2008). Effectiveness of an Asthma Management Program in Reducing Disparities of Care in Urban Children. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, 100(6), 545-550. doi: 1.1016/S1081-1206(10) 60058-0. Communication and Education about Asthma in Rural and Urban Schools (2006). Ambulatory Pediatrics, 6(4), 198-203. DSouza, A., Rahnama, R., Regan, T., Common, B., Burch, S. (2010). The h-e-b value-based health management program: impact on asthma medication adherence and healthcare cost. American Health Drug Benefits, 3(6), 394-401. Hoover, E., L., Pierce, C., S., Spencer, G., A., Britten, M., X., Neff-Smith, M., James, G., D., et al. (2012). Relationships among functional health literacy, asthma knowledge and the ability to care for asthmatic children in rural dwelling parents. Online Journal of Rural Nursing Health Care, 12(2), 30-40. Kamps, J. L., Rapoff, M. A., Roberts, M. C., Varela, R. E. Barnard, M., Olson, N. (2008) Improving adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma: a  pilot of randomized clinical trial. Children’s Health Care (CHILD HEALTH CARE), 2008. Oct ­Dec; 37 (4): 261 ­77. Kielb, C., Len, S. Hwang, S. (2007). Asthma Prevalence, Management, and Education in New York State Elementary Schools; A Survey of School Nurses. Journal of School Nursing, 23(5), 267-275. Orrel-Valente, J., Jones, K., Manasse, S., Thyne, S. M., Shenkin, B. N., Cabana, M. D. (2011). Childrens and parents report of asthma education received from physicians. Journal of Asthma, 48(8), 831-838. Patel, M., Brown, R., Clark, N. (2013). Perceived parent financial burden and  asthma outcomes in low-income, urban children. Journal Of Urban Health,  90(2), 329-342. doi:10.1007/s11524-012-9774-7. Patel, M. R., Coffman, J. M., Tseng, Chien-Wen, Clark, N. M. and Cabana, M. D. Physician Communication Regarding Cost When Prescribing Asthma Medication to Children CLIN PEDIATR June 2009 48: 493-498, first published on January 21, 2009 doi:10.1177/0009922808330110. Schultz, A., Martin, A. C. (2013). Outpatient Management of Asthma in Children.  Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics, (7), 13-24. doi:10.4137/CMPed.S7867 Toole, K., P. (2013). Helping children gain asthma control: Bundled school-based  interventions. Pediatric Nursing, 39(3), 115-124. Tsakiris, A., Iordanidou, M., Paraskakis, E., Tsalkidis, A., Rigas, A., Zimeras, S., Katsardis, C. Chatzimichael, A. (2013). The presence of asthma, the use of inhaled steroids, andparental education level affect school performance in children. BioMed ResearchInternational, vol. 2013

The Function of the Music in Porgy Essay -- Porgy Music Musical essays

Music has a way of bringing out our emotions. We say that there are moods of music, and we know which songs make us happy and which make us sad. But music also connects with us intellectually through the lyrics and what we understand them to mean. Thus, music becomes a way to link aspects of intellectual and emotional life – to combine thought and feeling. In the novel Porgy, we see music used as a tool to do just that; music, whether sung, imitated, or described metaphorically, is used, among other things, to link mental and emotional states. One way music serves as a link is by tying the emotions of the reader to the situation and state of mind of the characters or community. The first instance of this is when the community is mourning the death of Robbins. The music starts with a crude call and response cry. â€Å"What’s the matter, chillen?† came the strophe. And the antistrophe swelled to the answer: â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.†... â€Å"What de matter, Sister?† â€Å"Jedus gots our brudder, an’ I can’t stand still.† Ever since Porgy had come home the air had swung to the rhythm of the chant...The burden swayed out again. â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.† (15) The words of the call and response describe the situation the community is in – it has lost one of its members and the others feel the pain of loss – but what really allows the reader to feel pain with the community is the chant itself. By putting the words in the form of a chant, the author has given them authority and made them personal to the characters singing them. Through his description of air swinging to the rhythm and of the swaying burden (which has a connotation much different from that of â€Å"refrain†), Heyward creates an image of ... ...ame. â€Å"‘Little w’te babies,’ he crooned, ‘come sing fuh dis nigger.’ He cast – and won† (60). When Porgy says â€Å"come sing,† Heyward is showing us that the music has affected him. The fact that he won shows that the effect was genuine and not imagined. In Porgy, one function of music is to tie together emotional and intellectual states. At some points, music allows the intellect of the reader to be engaged with the emotions of the characters (or vice versa); at some points, music causes the intellect of characters to give in to their emotions; at some points, it encourages them to elevate their mood either by finding external reasons to be happy or simply though cohesiveness within a community. The use of music allows for a deeper understanding of the characters, what they are going through, why they act the way they do, and what it means to be part of a community. The Function of the Music in Porgy Essay -- Porgy Music Musical essays Music has a way of bringing out our emotions. We say that there are moods of music, and we know which songs make us happy and which make us sad. But music also connects with us intellectually through the lyrics and what we understand them to mean. Thus, music becomes a way to link aspects of intellectual and emotional life – to combine thought and feeling. In the novel Porgy, we see music used as a tool to do just that; music, whether sung, imitated, or described metaphorically, is used, among other things, to link mental and emotional states. One way music serves as a link is by tying the emotions of the reader to the situation and state of mind of the characters or community. The first instance of this is when the community is mourning the death of Robbins. The music starts with a crude call and response cry. â€Å"What’s the matter, chillen?† came the strophe. And the antistrophe swelled to the answer: â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.†... â€Å"What de matter, Sister?† â€Å"Jedus gots our brudder, an’ I can’t stand still.† Ever since Porgy had come home the air had swung to the rhythm of the chant...The burden swayed out again. â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.† (15) The words of the call and response describe the situation the community is in – it has lost one of its members and the others feel the pain of loss – but what really allows the reader to feel pain with the community is the chant itself. By putting the words in the form of a chant, the author has given them authority and made them personal to the characters singing them. Through his description of air swinging to the rhythm and of the swaying burden (which has a connotation much different from that of â€Å"refrain†), Heyward creates an image of ... ...ame. â€Å"‘Little w’te babies,’ he crooned, ‘come sing fuh dis nigger.’ He cast – and won† (60). When Porgy says â€Å"come sing,† Heyward is showing us that the music has affected him. The fact that he won shows that the effect was genuine and not imagined. In Porgy, one function of music is to tie together emotional and intellectual states. At some points, music allows the intellect of the reader to be engaged with the emotions of the characters (or vice versa); at some points, music causes the intellect of characters to give in to their emotions; at some points, it encourages them to elevate their mood either by finding external reasons to be happy or simply though cohesiveness within a community. The use of music allows for a deeper understanding of the characters, what they are going through, why they act the way they do, and what it means to be part of a community.

Interoperability Essay

Interoperability has been described as the extent in which systems and devices can exchange data and translate that shared information. It is the ability of one system to perform work in addition with other systems without asking for too much hard work from the other users. This system enhances the importance for information technology to make the networks and integrations work. In order for the process to function properly the two systems that are attempting to share information must be able to exchange data and introduce that same information to other users in a way that he or she can understand it. There are many organizations in the business world and many have different operating systems. The importance of interoperability in this aspect is to allow each organization to share important information amongst one another. An example would be if an organization such as Child Protective Services (CPS) wanted to share client information with another Protective Services agency regarding a client both organizations should be able to exchange and translate information amongst coordinating organizations. Child Protective Services Child Protective Services (CPS) is known as major department with the Department of Human Services. CPS supports and maintains the social and economic welfare of children by offering services to children to help protect them from abuse and/or child neglect. The Department of Humans Services in California offers CPS to families. CPS serves as mandated reports as well as an organization to protect children from neglect or abuse within the home, from his or her family, foster home or anyone responsible for the care of the child. The services of CPS are to provide protection to the children, provide resources to enable to child to remain residing in the home under safe and harmless circumstances. Also to remove abused or neglected children from the home and to possibly terminate any parental or guardian rights to ensure that the child will be eliminated from any potential danger or harm. The basic constituent of the process include: providing any and all services to minimize potential harm to children and provide resources to families to help them protect and provide appropriate care to his or her child. Next, is to provide the best services possible to meet each child and families unique needs. Last, taking each allegation  made seriously and assessing the allegations to the best of one’s ability to ensure that if there is any form of abuse or neglect the necessary steps occur in order to protect the child. The services of CPS are to intervene if necessary and protect children until his or her parent is capable to doing so. The most essential aspect of CPS is to recognize the protection of children and to ensure that reasonable efforts are made to maintain children safely in their own home, to reunite the family as soon as the courts see fit or to find permanency for the child if the situation permits for the parental rights to be voided. Other services inc lude mental health, counseling, parenting skills training, medical care/services and adoption services. Methods of Interoperability There are several different methods to implement interoperability. Many organizations have created their own interoperability methods. One of the methods of interoperability is technical interoperability, which is the ability for different technologies to communicate and exchange data-based upon well-defined interface standards. The second is semantic interoperability, which is the ability to each endpoint to communicate data and have the receiving party understand the message in the sense intended by the sending party. The third is policy interoperability, which is the common business policies and processes related to the transmission, receipt and acceptance of data between systems, which a legal framework supports. Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion Interoperability has been described as the extent in which systems and devices can exchange data and translate that shared information. Interoperability has many advantages and disadvantages. The goal of CPS is to find avenues to execute full backups bi-weekly and this process will be complemented daily. This organization will also implement an extended back up program monthly.

A Perfect Research Summary

A Perfect Research Summary Basic Lines on Writing a Perfect Research Summary Summary is an important structural part of every research. The author summarizes the contents of their work and includes the most important results and/or conclusions of their research. Summaries provide other researchers with the opportunity to form an overview of the work in order to decide whether to include it in their study of literature or not. The value of the summary is demonstrated by the fact that summaries (along with titles and authors names) are included in the index database of scientific journals. Thus a poor summary can give the wrong impression for a good job and vice versa. Summary is usually found after the title of the work and may be accompanied by keywords. Keywords identify the scientific framework of the paper and help other researchers to understand immediately if they are interested in the subject or not. Perfect Research Summary’s Structure In some cases, a summary is required and must have a specific structure. Below is an example of a structured research work summary: Objective: This heading indicates the goal of the work What is the author trying to achieve with his research? Methodology: This heading presents which method was used in order to collect the data (e. g. experimental data, questionnaires, etc). Findings: What are the major findings of the author’s work? From these findings will occur the final conclusions. Practical Application: Is there any practicability of the findings or conclusions of the work? In what circumstances and in which way? Originality/Contribution: Are the conclusions, findings or methods developed in the paper original? How much does current knowledge change? Tips on Writing a Perfect Research Summary Summary is designed to briefly present the paper, describing the study subject, the method used, the results and their implications. A good summary should be written accurately, be independent (there should not be any abbreviations, terms and/or tests not explained), be concise and concrete (should not exceed the amount of 120 words; beginning with the most basic information and containing only the most important ideas, discoveries and extensions). To make the summary more comprehensive and understandable follow the tips shown below: write the numbers with digits, unless it is the beginning of the sentence; avoid using references; use active rather than passive voice but avoid using personal pronouns (for example, the researchers gave participants the instructions below instead of participants were given the instructions below ). Use past tense when referring to the methodology and present tense when referring to the results. In the description of the participants certainly mention their demographic data, such as number, age, sex and group to which they belong. Finally, it is good to write this section last, after you finish writing the rest of the study. Perhaps you need a custom research paper or its summary. Dont hesitate to visit our research writing service right now!

Free Essays on Birth And Growth Of The Automobile

Through the course of the 20th century, there were many engineering marvels. The â€Å"Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century† are presented at www.GreatAchievements.org, complete with a history and timeline of that particular technology. This list of achievements was compiled by the National Academy of Engineering, along with 30 other professional engineering societies. I have chosen to write about the birth and continued development of the automobile. As with any developing technology, the growth and development of the automobile was driven by the factors that cause technical change. I believe the two factors that played a key role for the automobile were consumer demand and government action. Consumer demand is just what it sounds like, consumers want a new technology, and are willing to pay for it. Government action is also just what it sounds like. The government puts into effect new laws, which change the way products are manufactured. For instance, the EPA has mandated that all cars built after a certain date be â€Å"Environmentally Friendly†, by putting out less pollution and getting better gas mileage. At the beginning of the 20th century, the average American traveled only 1,200 miles in a lifetime. Most of that traveling was done on foot, and within that person’s own town. This is where consumer demand comes into play. People wanted to travel, but they weren’t going to walk from state to state to get where they wanted to go. People wanted a quicker, more efficient way to get from point A to point B. The first cars were electric cars and made their debut in the 1800’s. These cars could travel approximately 50 miles at 10 to 20 mph before needing recharging. By 1900, there were 50 automobile manufacturing companies in the United States. With an average cost of $1,550 per car, only the wealthy car, and only 8,000 were registered in the United States. With the advent of mass production,... Free Essays on Birth And Growth Of The Automobile Free Essays on Birth And Growth Of The Automobile Through the course of the 20th century, there were many engineering marvels. The â€Å"Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century† are presented at www.GreatAchievements.org, complete with a history and timeline of that particular technology. This list of achievements was compiled by the National Academy of Engineering, along with 30 other professional engineering societies. I have chosen to write about the birth and continued development of the automobile. As with any developing technology, the growth and development of the automobile was driven by the factors that cause technical change. I believe the two factors that played a key role for the automobile were consumer demand and government action. Consumer demand is just what it sounds like, consumers want a new technology, and are willing to pay for it. Government action is also just what it sounds like. The government puts into effect new laws, which change the way products are manufactured. For instance, the EPA has mandated that all cars built after a certain date be â€Å"Environmentally Friendly†, by putting out less pollution and getting better gas mileage. At the beginning of the 20th century, the average American traveled only 1,200 miles in a lifetime. Most of that traveling was done on foot, and within that person’s own town. This is where consumer demand comes into play. People wanted to travel, but they weren’t going to walk from state to state to get where they wanted to go. People wanted a quicker, more efficient way to get from point A to point B. The first cars were electric cars and made their debut in the 1800’s. These cars could travel approximately 50 miles at 10 to 20 mph before needing recharging. By 1900, there were 50 automobile manufacturing companies in the United States. With an average cost of $1,550 per car, only the wealthy car, and only 8,000 were registered in the United States. With the advent of mass production,...

Profitability, ROCE, Gross profit margin,Operating margin, Net profit Assignment

Profitability, ROCE, Gross profit margin,Operating margin, Net profit of British airways and Lufthansa - Assignment Example Therefore, return on capital employed ratio indicates the return generated by every investment made as capital employed. Concerning British airways, in 2012 and 2013, ROCE was 1.31% and 3.95% respectively. This means that in the year 2012, 1.31% of the company’s net profit was generated by the company’s capital employed. However, the company’s ROCE increased to 3.95 % in the year 2013 due to an increase in the net profit by  £ 197 million. ROCE can be used to determine the viability of a project. In order to maintain a higher level of ROCE, the company should improve its cost reduction strategies to increase the level of net profit. Comparatively, Lufthansa airways’ ROCE in the year 2012 and 2013 was 6.6% and 1.8 % respectively. The decrease in Lufthansa’s ROCE between the two years is attributed to a sharp decrease in the company’s net profit. this sharp decrease was caused by an increase in the operating activities. Therefore, in the year 2013, British airways had a higher ROCE than Lufthansa airways for the reason that Lufthansa airways had a higher proportion of net assets to net profit. Consequently, British airways’s net assets generated more returns than Lufthansa’s (Duncan 2009, pp. 42-44). Gross profit margin – the ratio indicates a company’s financial health after meeting the cost of sales. It also indicates the company’s ability to pay for future operating costs. Concerning British airways, the ratio for 2012 and 2013 are 95.8% and 96.2% respectively. This means that in the year 2013, 96.2 % of the total revenue were gross profit, whereas, the remaining 3.8% of sales were consumed by costs related to sales. The ratio increased compared to that of the previous year. The increase is attributed to a more than proportionate increase in the gross profit. From this analysis, it can be concluded that British airway’s level of production efficiency is high due to the effective management of cost related to sales. Comparatively, the

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Analysis - Case Study Example This was also to address the uniform distribution of the vertical load on the two wheels through the creation of a design that could vary the normal force and rotational velocity applied to the burnishing tire to ensure that one wheel is not overwhelmed which might lead to the bursting of the tire on that wheel. The track surfaces used for wet traction tests develop non-uniformity in grip levels over time, the antilock braking system prevents the wheel from skidding in low traction situation, the main aim of the project under this report was to develop an implement that can be attached to a tractor and powered by the tractor’s power take off. This implement was to function in the exact fashion as an ABS system. This was to ensure that even at times when the strip surface had developed less grip capability the tire would still hold on to the track without skidding. i.e. To provide constant grip over time. In the project under this report, it was required for the team to create a design for an implement which can be attached to a tractor and driven by the tractor power take-off, which could be used to rotate the tires so that it could burnish or scrub the surface of a test track as the tractor moves the implement along the surface. In order to avoid constant scrubbing this implement was to offer the capability to change the vertical load on the tire, the goal is to enhance the effectiveness of the burnishing process by increasing the time period between the needed burnishing, decrease the time required to burnish, and achieve the target coefficient of friction consistently over the entirety of the test area(L. Beaver, A. Drew and J. Leitzsey). The solution to this problem was based majorly on the constraints on the design of the traction method, the solution to the constraints mainly focused on speeding up the current burnishing process and providing more even coverage while creating a design that would be easy to operate and maintain. The

Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Theory - Term Paper Example This paper will examine EBP and identify theories that affect nursing interventions and implications in primary care nursing and also highlight some of its drawbacks. The use of EBP in healthcare setting differs from conducting research. This is because in clinical settings, EBP aims at implementing the latest evidence provided by research to guide patient care towards the best achievable outcomes. A prominent characteristic of EBP is that it encourages the cultivation of the spirit of inquiry, which basically questions existing of conventional practices. Through enquiry, practitioners of primary care nursing can challenge the conventional practices and create room for changes and improvements (Yoder-Wise, 2012). For instance, clinical questions designed in the PICOT format (they deal with patient population, the issue, comparison population, outcome and time involved) are crucial in establishing the most relevant search procedures that yield quality information in the least time possible. Then, before it is implemented or integrated, the information (or evidence) is critically appraised to ensure it is valid, reliable and applicable. The signifi cance of critically appraising evidence can best be understood from the perspective of increasing professional and public need for accountability in quality improvement and safety in primary care nursing (Yoder-Wise, 2012). This is even more pronounced by the fact that preventable harm is usually caused by key deficits in conventional practices that often go unquestioned. Decision making in EBP entails integrating knowledge and experience gained through an individual’s expertise, research evidence and client preferences in the perspective of available resources (Berwick, 2009). Therefore, decision making in EBP is a prescriptive approach towards how choices are made and is founded on ideas of improving theories so that they can be useful and relevant in

Confidence intervals Essay Example for Free

Confidence intervals Essay Confidence Intervals have numerous applications for professional activities. Confidence Intervals have a wide use in defining the outcome of a particular question. The use of confidence levels are used commonly in Health, Business, Politics and Engineering venues. There are three examples that will be recognized as having real world applications regarding confidence intervals. An Empirical Test of the Black-Scholes (BS) Option pricing model exhibited the use of a confidence interval approach. The BS model is a model used to determine price variation over time such as stock options. The utilization of confidence intervals to determine if the BS model was accurate was concluded â€Å"constructing a 95 percent confidence interval for the call option, we found in general that significantly less than 95 percent of the observations fall within the relevant range. † The theory of incorporating a confidence interval into the BS model developed a way for investors to identify what options we better to purchase. (Levy Byun, 1987) In a case study to estimate the confidence in advertising the authors of â€Å"Estimating Confidence Bounds for Advertising Effect Duration Intervals† studied the dynamic effects of current and past advertising on current and future sales utilizing confidence intervals. The study identified how long an advertisement should be displayed depending on the duration interval and the confidence interval that helped managers arrive at proper decisions. Using confidence intervals in this situation enabled leaders to make an informed decision. (Franses Vroomen, 2006) Through the use of surveys in case study â€Å"Mortality rate and confidence interval estimation in humanitarian emergencies† they were able to incorporate confidence intervals. They used confidence intervals to determine the mortality confidence level from surveys in devastated areas. The authors approach enables health officials to identify confidence levels from survey areas to be better prepared for future emergencies. (Sullivan, Hossain, Woodruff, 2010) There is an infinite amount of ways to use confidence intervals in any professional culture. The three examples are only a small sample of what can actually be done to better understand present or past issues. The use of confidence levels can help any leader or manager make decisions that foster an environment of growth. References Franses, P. H. , Vroomen, B. (2006). Estimating Confidence Bounds for Advertising Effect Duration Intervals. Journal of Advertising , 33-37. Levy, H. , Byun, Y. H. (1987). An Empirical Test of the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model and the Implies Variance: A Confidence Interval Approach. Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance , 355-368. Sullivan, K. , Hossain, S. M. , Woodruff, B. A. (2010). Mortalizty rate and confidence interval estimation in humanitarian emergencies. Disasters , 164-175.

Essay example --

Monique Kuwahara Professor Skoniezcy, IR 309 The Future of Free Trade and Women For more than two hundred years, free trade has been the reliable solution put forth by most prominent economists. If protectionist measures were done away with completely, theoretically each sovereign nation could rise to their highest capacity according to the theory of comparative advantage, thus leading to mass output, higher living standards for citizens and a net gain for society. The 2003 Economic Report of the President reported that free trade: â€Å"... Brings greater specialization according to comparative advantage, lower prices, and a wider selection of products and services for both consumers and firms. Openness to trade allows exporters to sell their output in a larger market; workers in export industries benefit as the resulting higher prices for the goods they make translate into higher wages and incomes.† (CEA). However, the history of free trade has also been a tenuous one fraught with high sentiments of nationalism and high tariffs. Since Ricardo and Smith first wrote on comparative advantage in the 1700s, many states have been in a race to climb the ladder of success and increase profits. But, free trade has consistently ignored women as it spread from developed nations to developing, leaving women to crawl and scratch their way to equal wages and basic workers rights. Especially in this time when more women hold degrees than men and refuse to conform to the patriarchal system, free trade cannot afford to ignore women now in this global economy. Now, comparative advantage in free trade is calling loudly for the inclusion of women in the workforce and executive decisions rather than being pushed down by tradi... ...agricultural industry, this opens up opportunities for more affordable housing (more land opened up) for newly married couples that live at home with parents, reducing household grocery costs, and more liquid cash to spend on luxury goods. Japan is now in a unique position to culturally set an international precedent and simultaneously boost their economy. If more incentives were given to women to come back after raising children, or not being passed up for promotion, this would give incentive to more women to stay in the workforce and not force them between a career or a family. By reconstructing traditional women’s gender roles for women to successfully integrate in the notoriously male-dominated workplace, and negotiations with the TPP countries, Japan can successfully overcome their low birth rate and finally overcome the effects of the Asian Financial crisis. Essay example -- Monique Kuwahara Professor Skoniezcy, IR 309 The Future of Free Trade and Women For more than two hundred years, free trade has been the reliable solution put forth by most prominent economists. If protectionist measures were done away with completely, theoretically each sovereign nation could rise to their highest capacity according to the theory of comparative advantage, thus leading to mass output, higher living standards for citizens and a net gain for society. The 2003 Economic Report of the President reported that free trade: â€Å"... Brings greater specialization according to comparative advantage, lower prices, and a wider selection of products and services for both consumers and firms. Openness to trade allows exporters to sell their output in a larger market; workers in export industries benefit as the resulting higher prices for the goods they make translate into higher wages and incomes.† (CEA). However, the history of free trade has also been a tenuous one fraught with high sentiments of nationalism and high tariffs. Since Ricardo and Smith first wrote on comparative advantage in the 1700s, many states have been in a race to climb the ladder of success and increase profits. But, free trade has consistently ignored women as it spread from developed nations to developing, leaving women to crawl and scratch their way to equal wages and basic workers rights. Especially in this time when more women hold degrees than men and refuse to conform to the patriarchal system, free trade cannot afford to ignore women now in this global economy. Now, comparative advantage in free trade is calling loudly for the inclusion of women in the workforce and executive decisions rather than being pushed down by tradi... ...agricultural industry, this opens up opportunities for more affordable housing (more land opened up) for newly married couples that live at home with parents, reducing household grocery costs, and more liquid cash to spend on luxury goods. Japan is now in a unique position to culturally set an international precedent and simultaneously boost their economy. If more incentives were given to women to come back after raising children, or not being passed up for promotion, this would give incentive to more women to stay in the workforce and not force them between a career or a family. By reconstructing traditional women’s gender roles for women to successfully integrate in the notoriously male-dominated workplace, and negotiations with the TPP countries, Japan can successfully overcome their low birth rate and finally overcome the effects of the Asian Financial crisis.